is the uncertain nature of such electricity resources. One of the major issues with the integration of the DER such as solar power, wind power, etc.

Distributed generation and storage enables the collection of energy from many sources and may lower environmental impacts and improve the security of supply. By means of an interface, DER systems can be managed and coordinated within a smart grid. A grid-connected device for electricity storage can also be classified as a DER system and is often called a distributed energy storage system ( DESS). ĭER systems typically use renewable energy sources, including small hydro, biomass, biogas, solar power, wind power, and geothermal power, and increasingly play an important role for the electric power distribution system. These systems can comprise multiple generation and storage components in this instance, they are referred to as hybrid power systems. By contrast, DER systems are decentralized, modular, and more flexible technologies that are located close to the load they serve, albeit having capacities of only 10 megawatts (MW) or less. Ĭonventional power stations, such as coal-fired, gas, and nuclear powered plants, as well as hydroelectric dams and large-scale solar power stations, are centralized and often require electric energy to be transmitted over long distances. Distributed generation, also distributed energy, on-site generation ( OSG), or district/decentralized energy, is electrical generation and storage performed by a variety of small, grid-connected or distribution system-connected devices referred to as distributed energy resources ( DER).

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